XX年高考英语难点37讲--难点29结构分析亦奏效
做完形填空时,除了通读全文了解大意,理清逻辑,还要透析文意,对文章细节或句子结构进行分析,根据文章大意,仔细推敲,综合考虑,选中答案。考生往往忽视句子结构分析这一环节,失去机会,导致错误答案,孰不知结构分析亦奏效。
●难点磁场
1.()hewantedscissors.51 doyousupposeheaskedforthem?
(nmetXX)
(51)a.what b.how c.who d.which
2.()…andtheysaidthattheyhadevencaughtyetisontwooccasionsthoughnonehaseverbeenproducedasevidence.but,50,noevidencehasbeenproduced.
(nmetXX)
(50)a.so b.besides c.again d.instead
3.()othertimestheybegintoactwithoutthinking;theytrytofindasolutionbytrialanderror.28,whenallofthesemethodsfail,thepersonwithaproblemhastostartanalyzing. (nmetXX春季)
(28)a.besides b.instead c.otherwise d.however
4.()someonehadtakentherealdiamondandputafaultyoneinitsplace.thequestionwas:who 55it?
(55)a.copied b.made c.stole d.did
●案例探究
1.they 1 manwithfood,fuelforburningandbuildingmaterialintheformofwood.2 treesitwoundbeimpossible 3 houses,boatsandevenbridges.
(1)a.give b.provide c.need d.take
(2)a.no b.unless c.without d.nothaving共
(3)a.tobuild b.tofound c.establish d.setup
解析:这三个题都是必须通过结构分析来获得答案。
第1题选b。此题为四星级题。分析此句,能和with搭配使用的选项只有provide。“providesb.withsth.”意为“给某人提供某物”。
第2题选c。此题为五星级题。从句意分析,此句中的wouldbe是虚拟语气,表示“如果没有树,是不可能的”。而事实恰好与之相反,据此可知withouttrees含有条件意味,是介词短语作状语,如选a,notrees是名词短语,如选b,without后要接从句,所以a和b在语法上都不通。nothavingtrees只能作名词短语,表示原因,此处逻辑不通。
第3题选a。此题为五星级题。在itisimpossibletodo…句型中,it是形式主语,todo不定式是真正主语,据此就可以排除c和d,build与found虽然都含有“建造”之意,但“found”是指(用基金等)创立或设立组织和机关等,如:foundaschool“创立学校”;build指“建造”具体的建筑物,如:buildaschool。
2.“it’safaultydiamond”,hesaid.“itisn’tworththehigh 47 ipaid”.thenhetoldthenthefacts.
(47)a.cost b.money c.price d.value
解析:此题选c。此题为五星级题。价格是论高低而言,ipaid是该空的后置定语,只有money和price能作paid的宾语,所以high后只有选择price了。
3.scientistsaredoingresearchonher(ayoungchimpanzee黑猩猩).theywanttoseehowcivilizedshecan 43.alreadyshedoesmanythingsahumanbeingcando.
(43)a.experience b.change c.develop d.become
解析:此题选d。此题为五星级题。分析句子:“howcivilizedshecan________”是个感叹句,civilized是个形容词,选项中只有become可以后面用形容词构成系表结构。
4.butallofusarecalledupondailytomakeagreatmanypersonaldecisions.45thewallet,foundinthestreet,beputintoapocket 46 turnedovertothepoliceman?shouldtheextrachangereceivedatthestorebeforgottenorreturned? (nmet1996)
(45)a.should b.must c.would d.need共
(46)a.and b.or c.then d.but
解析:第45题选a;第46题选b。两题均为五星级题。
这两题的答案应从句子结构分析入手,且两句要同时分析,下文中是should引导的一般疑问句,为“should…or…?”“应该……还是……?”而这两句是并列的两个内容,所以45、46就可轻而易举地获得答案。
●锦囊妙计
句子结构分析是完形填空做题中的其中一个有效的办法。句子结构分析应从句子入手,联系上下文,对于定语从句的关系副词和关系代词、状语从句的引导词、虚拟语气中的情态动词、助词及并列句中的表递进、转折关系的连词,及复合句中的连词及时态、语态往往是考虑的重点。
●歼灭难点训练
1.()iftherewerenotrees 1 vegetationofsomesorttohold 2thesoilwithroots,heavyrainswouldwashwaytherichsurfacesoilsonecessaryforagriculture.theresultisthatthelandbecomes 3 andunproductive…
(1)a.and b.or c.aswellas d.either
(2)a.up b.firmly c.back d.high
(3)a.useful b.strong c.beautiful d.useless
2.()thenthegreatdaycame 2 hewastomarchpartthepalaceintheparade.
(2)a.where b.since c.when d.till
3.()sinceihappenedtohavereadabookortwobythefamouswriterwhentominvitedmetogowithhimi 4 accepted.
(3)a.gladly b.sadly c.had d.was共
4.()asthehonouredguesthadnotyetarrived,ilefttomandwentintothemainreadingroom 5 alargecrowedhadalreadygathered.
(4)a.where b.although c.after d.there
5.()somepeopleleft 5aboutwhetherablackmancouldsingcountrymusic.
(5)a.unsure b.curious c.bad d.excited
6.hesearchedeverycornerofhissmallercottage,untilhecouldnotpretendtohimself 6.
(6)a.anymore b.oncemore c.nomore d.nolonger
7.()advertisingcanbeaservicetothecustomer.thisistrue 1advertisementgivesreliableinformationaboutthegoods2.
(1)a.when b.if c.that d.as
(2)a.advertising b.advertised c.advertise d.bought
8.()sovoainventedasimplerkindofenglish,8 wasabout1500wordsandisspokenslowly.ofcourse,itisspecialenglish.
(8)a.it b.who c.which d.that
9.()theinstructorthen 9 thatwefindwaystomakeapologizestopeople,ortakesomeactiontorightanywrongdoings.
(9)a.expected b.suggested c.ordered d.demanded共
10.()inanycases,itisimportanttoknowagreatdealaboutthevalueofproperty—10thebuyermaybecheatedbyagents.
(10)a.however b.otherwise c.but d.so
共