核心词汇
1.it is _____________ (违法的)to sell tobacco to someone under 16.
2.she had been falsely accused of_____________ (偷窃)in a clothing store.
3.students often see little _____________(联系) between school and the rest of their lives.
4. small businesses will need to _____________(减少)costs in order.
5. habitual ____________(罪犯)should receive tougher punishments than firsttime offenders.
6. immigrants have had a _____________(有力的) influence on the local culture.
7. it is important to ____________ (认识)how little we know about this disease.
8.students were handing out election_____________ (传单) at the street.
9.heroin is ____________.he is a heroin _____________.he became ____________to drugs when he was young.and the_____________ cost him his wealth and health.(addict)
10. trading has been adversely____________by the downtown in consumer spending .it is supposed that the_____________will last a year.(affect)
1.illegal 2.shoplifting 3.connection 4.reduce 5. criminals 6.powerful 7.recognize 8.leaflets 9. addictive;addict;addicted ;addiction 10.affected;effect
高频短语
1.__________________ 查阅
2.________________ 强行闯入;破门而入
3.________________ 有可能做……
4.________________ 定下一个日期
5.________________ 和……有关
6.________________ 属于
7.________________ 代替
8.________________ 听取某人的建议
9._________________ 为了
10.________________ 放弃;戒除
11.________________ 对……上瘾;沉迷于
1.look up 2.break into 3.be likely to do 4.set a date,5.be related to 6.belong to 7.instead of 8.take one’s advice 9.in order to/so as to 10.give up 11.become addicted to
重点句式
1....i________________ be a drug addict.
……我曾经是个瘾君子。
2.users _________________ the drug are also ____________they_____________ needles____________other users.
如果那些注射毒品的人和其他吸毒者共用针头的话,他们会面临更多危险。
now i work in a centre for drug addicts,
________________________________________ .
现在我在一家戒毒所工作,帮助其他的吸毒者戒毒。
4.how many of them break the law ______________ pay for their drugs?
他们中有多少人为了买毒品而犯法?
5.some people feel ________________nervous when they see drug users ______________ they call the police.
一些人看到瘾君子很害怕就报警了。
6.it was _______________ loud music ____________ we couldn’t hear ourselves speak.
音乐如此大声以至于我们听不到自己说话。共6页,当前第1页123456
7.i ______________ agree______________.
我非常同意。(我再同意不过了。)
8.________________ you’re doing when you want to smoke—do something else!
无论你在做什么,当你想抽烟时,做点别的事吧!
1.used to 2.who inject;in more danger if ;share;with 3.helping others to stop taking drugs 4.in order to,5.so;that 6.such;that 7.couldn’t;more 8.whatever
知识详解
① reduce vt. 减少;缩减;约束,限制;使降低,降职;
使……变为(某个状态)(回归课本p12)reduce...to...把……减少到……,reduce...by...把……减少了……,reduce sb.to doing sth.迫使某人做某事;使某人不得不做某事,reduction n.缩小,减少;缩版,make a reduction减价
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①the expenses have been reduced to 1,000 yuan one month.
每月的费用已降到1,000元。
②the expenses have been reduced by 200 yuan one month.
每月的费用已降了200元。
③eventually charlotte was reduced to begging on the streets.
最后夏洛特被迫沦落到沿街乞讨。
④we can make a reduction if you buy in bulk.
如果你大批购买,我们可以降低价格。
1.many students have dropped out of school and now the number of our class has ________50.
a.reduced by b.reduced to
c.increased to d.increased by
解析:选b。reduce...to后面数字指减少后的总量,reduce...by后面数字指纯减少的量或比率。由上面说到drop,故排除c、d。
【即境活用】
★2. since then the number of people stopping smoking ________10%.
a.has reduced to b.reduces by
c.has reduced by d.reduces to
解析:选c。由since then可判断主句应用现在完成时,排除b、d两项;再根据句意“自从那时戒烟人数减少了10%”,强调差额用介语by,故选c。
② likely adj. 很可能的,看来要发生的;(像是)可靠的,可信的;似乎有理的
adv. 很可能
(回归课本p9) drug users are more likely to get into trouble at school.
吸毒者更有可能在学校遇到麻烦。
【归纳总结】
① it is likely that he will be late.
=he is likely to be late.他可能会迟到。
②“he said you’d be giving them a lift.” “not likely!”
“他说你会让他们搭便车。”“绝不可能!”
③it is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
如果继续吸烟,你很可能会健康状况不佳。
④that means the price is likely to go down because of the competition.这意味着价格有可能因为竞争而下降。
【例句探源】
likely,possible,probable
三者都有“可能的”之意,区别如下:
(1)likely是形容词,表示某事很可能发生,与probable 意思相近,但主语可以是人也可以是物。常用于“it is likely that...或sb./sth.be likely to do...”句型中,但不能说“it is likely for sb.to do sth.”。
(2)possible可能性相对小,作表语时,主语不能是人,常用句式为“it is possible for sb. to do sth.”或“it is possible that...”。共6页,当前第2页123456
【易混辨析】
(3)probable 带有“很可能”的意味,语气比possible强,作表语时不能用人或不定式作主语,常用句式为“it is probable that...”。
①it isn’t likely that i should accept such an offer as that.
②it’s possible_to break with old habits.
③it is _probable that he will succeed.
★3.young americans who don’t go to university ________get jobs which bring low income.
a.are likely to b.are possible to
c.were able to d.liked to
解析:选a。句意是:没有上大学的美国年轻人可能做一些低收入的工作。likely可用于sb./sth.is likely to do而possible不能。
【即境活用】
4.(XX年山东青岛质检)a senior firefighter said it was__________that the fire,which broke out at midnight,was caused by someone on purpose.
a.possibly b.likely
c.probably d.obviously
解析:选b。根据it is likely that……句型得出答案,其它三个词都是副词,不能用于该句型。
③ affect vt. 影响,对……有坏影响;(疾病)侵袭;假装;喜欢
(回归课本p9) smoking in a park doesn’t affect other people in the same way.
在公园吸烟不会以同样的方式影响别人。
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①peter taylor finds out how computers and the internet are going to affect our lives.
彼得•泰勒试图弄清计算机和互联网将如何影响我们的生活。
②(牛津p31)they were deeply affected by the news of her death.
她死亡的消息使他们唏嘘不已。
③(XX年高考辽宁卷)the experiment showed that our body clocks are affected by light and temperature.
这项实验表明我们的生物钟受光线和温度的影响。
④she was affected with high fever.
她发高烧。
affect,effect,influence
三个词都有“影响”的意思。
(1)affect指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”,着重“影响”的动作,有时含有“对……产生不利影响”的意思。
(2)effect作“影响”讲时,通常用作名词,构成have an effect on“对……有影响”。effect作动词时,指“使(某事物)产生;使发生;引起”,着重“造成”一种特殊的效果。
(3)influence指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响”。
【易混辨析】
①the games don’t have a(n) _effect on grownups but affect students a great deal.
②influenced by a high school biology teacher,he took up the study of medicine.
③this book effected a change in my opinion.
5.critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising has ________the quality of the programs.
a.lessened b.declined
c.affected d.effected
解析:选c。句意为:批评家认为电视被大量的广告所控制,这影响了节目的质量。affect常指不好的影响;lessen“减少”;decline“降低”,指力量、权力、数量等的削减;effect“引起;产生”,只有affect符合句意。共6页,当前第3页123456
【即境活用】
④ recognise vt. 辨认出;认出;认识到;认知
(回归课本p19)participants learn to recognise smoking triggers...
参与者学会分辨吸烟的诱因……
【归纳总结】
recognise sb./sth.as/to be承认某人/物是……;认出某人/物是……
it’s recognised that...人们意识到……
①salera came home so thin and weak that her own children hardly recognised her.
赛莉娅回家时又瘦又弱,连她自己的孩子都几乎认不出她来了。
②he is recognised as the head of the company.
他被认为是公司的领导。
③it was recognised that he was not qualified for the work.
人们认识到他做这项工作不合格。
【例句探源】
recognise,know
(1)recognise 指把原来认识的人/物再次“辨认出”,是非延续性动词。
(2)know“认识并熟悉某人/物”,是延续性动词。
①sometimes we can’t recognise,_one’s voice on the phone even though we know him/her.
②i know him so well that i can recognise his steps.
【易混辨析】
6.(XX年高考辽宁卷)alexander tried to get his work________in the medical circles.
a.to recognize b.recognizing
c.recognize d.recognized
解析:选d。句意:alexander试图使自己的工作在医学界得到认可。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。get sth.done表示使某事物被做,如get my hair cut表示理发;get her finger burnt表示她的手指被烧伤。
【即境活用】
★7.—oh,it’s you,alice.i________you.you look much thinner than before.
—not surprising.i’m on a diet.
a.didn’t recognize b.hadn’t recognized
c.haven’t recognized d.don’t recognize
解析:选a。本题强调是刚才没认出,故用一般过去时态。
⑤ break into 闯入,破门而入;突然……起来
(回归课本p13) the next day,i broke into a house and stole a television and a video recorder.
第二天,我闯入一户人家,偷了一台电视机和一台录像机。
break out突然爆发
break up打碎;拆散;分解
结束,break in打断(谈话); 突然闯入(in是副词) break through突破
break down瓦解,损坏,分解;机器坏了;失败;身体垮了
break away from摆脱(束缚);克服(习惯)
break off中断,折断,突然停止
【归纳总结】
①thieves broke into our house while we were away on holiday.
我们外出度假时,小偷闯入了我们家。
②on hearing the news that the war was over ,the old woman broke into tears.
听到战争结束的消息,老人突然哭了起来。
③don’t break into their conversation;they are discussing something important.
不要打断他们的谈话,他们正在讨论重要的事情。
【例句探源】
break into,break in
两者都有“闯入”之意。break into中,into是介词,后需接宾语;break in 是不及物动词短语,其中in是副词,不接宾语。另外,break into还有“突然……起来”之意,相当于burst into;break in还可以表示“插嘴”等。共6页,当前第4页123456
①we had to break_into the house as we had lost the key.
②never break_in while others are talking.
【易混辨析】
8.(XX年海南三亚模拟)you’ll________sooner or later if you keep working like that.
a.break off b.break down
c.break into d.break out
解析:选b。句意:如果你继续那样工作,身体迟早会垮掉的。break down“垮掉”,符合题意。
【即境活用】
★9. scientists hope to________soon in their fight against the h1n1 flu virus.
a.break up b.break out
c.break through d.break in
解析:选c。句意为:科学家们希望能尽快在应对甲型h1n1流感病毒方面有所突破。break up“分解,打破”;break out“发生,爆发”;break through“突破”;break in“闯入,打断(谈话)”,据句意可知答案为c。
⑥ give up 放弃;交出,让出;认输
(回归课本p13)and here are some ideas to help people to give up smoking.
这儿有一些帮助人们戒烟的方法。
give away分发;放弃;泄露
give back归还;恢复
give forth发出(气味、声音等);发表
give in屈服;让步;同意
give off发出(蒸汽、光等)
give out分发,发出(气味、热等);发表,用完,耗尽;精疲力竭
【归纳总结】
①when ed left ,she gave up hope of ever marrying.
埃德离开时,她彻底放弃了结婚的希望。
②in the crowded bus ,the young people gave up their seats to the old people.
在拥挤的公共汽车上,年轻人把座位让给老年人。
③the doctor told him to give up smoking and drinking.
医生要他戒烟戒酒。
④she has never given up her secrets to others.
她从不把秘密透露给别人。
【例句探源】
10.we haven’t heard from her for long,so we give her________for dead.
a.out b.in
c.up d.away
解析:选c。give out“用完,用尽”;give in“让步,投降”;give up“放弃,不抱希望”;give away“泄露,分发”。由句意可知,此处指“对她不抱任何希望”,故答案为c。
【即境活用】
★11.he pretended to be a german,but his swedish accent gave himself________.
a.away b.up
c.off d.out
解析:选a。考查give的固定短语。句意:他假装是德国人,但他的瑞典口音使他暴露了。“暴露”应用give away。give up指“放弃”;give off 指“放出,发出”;give out指“发出,分发”。
句型梳理
①【教材原句】 now i work in a centre for drug addicts,helping others to stop taking drugs.(p13)
现在,我在一个戒毒中心工作,帮助其他吸毒者戒毒。
【句法分析】 本句中的helping others to stop taking drugs是v.ing形式在句子中作状语,表示方式或伴随情况。
①the little girl stood there,crying for milk.
这个小女孩站在那儿,哭着要牛奶喝。
②he worked late into the night,preparing an important report.共6页,当前第5页123456
他工作到深夜,在准备一个重要的报告。
③the teacher stood at the entrance,blocking the children’s way.
老师站在入口处,挡住了孩子们的路。
★12.(XX年高考四川卷)the lawyer listened with full attention,________to miss any point.
a.not trying b.trying not
c.to try not d.not to try
解析:选b。句意:这名律师全神贯注地听,尽力不错过任何要点。本题考查非谓语动词作伴随状语。不定式作状语时和前面的部分如用逗号隔开,表示意想不到的或事与愿违的结果,不定式前通常加only或never,所以动词不定式在结构和题意上都不符合本题的要求,d项被排除;a、c两项结构错误,也被排除。
【即境活用】
13.(XX年高考重庆卷) the news shocked the public,________to great concern about students’ safety at school.
a.having led b.led
c.leading d.to lead
解析:选c。句意:这条新闻使广大民众感到很震惊,引起了人们对在校学生安全的担忧。考查非谓语动词作结果状语。首先排除b和d两项; having done指动作先于谓语动词发生,在此不符合语境,故只能选择c。
② 【教材原句】 whatever you’re doing when you want to smoke—do something else!(p19)
无论你在做什么,当你想抽烟时,做点别的事吧!
【句法分析】 考查whatever的用法。(1)引导让步状语从句,在从句中作主语或宾语,其含义相当于no matter what,意为“无论,不管”,其位置可在主句前,也可在主句后。
(2)引导名词性从句(宾语从句或主语从句),可看作是what的强调说法,其含义相当于anything that 或all that,whatever在句中起双重作用,既起先行词与关系代词的作用,又在从句中作主语、宾语等。
(3)however/whenever/wherever只引导让步状语从句,相当于no matter how/when/where引导的从句。
(4)whoever/whichever同whatever一样,既能引导状语从句也能引导名词性从句。
①whatever he did,his parents supported him.
=no matter what he did,his parents supported him.
不管他做什么,他父母都支持他。
②i don’t believe whatever he said.
我不相信他说的一切。
③i’ll take whatever help i can get.
任何帮助我都接受。
14.(XX年高考浙江卷)—how about camping this weekend,just for a change?
—ok,________you want.
a.whichever b.however
c.whatever d.whoever
解析:选c。句意:“这个周末我们换一下去野营怎么样啊?”“好的。你想做什么就做什么。”答语为省略句式,全句应为:ok,whatever you want to do.whichever 不论哪个;however无论怎样;whatever无论什么,不管什么;whoever不论是谁。
【即境活用】
★15.the lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ________the season.
a.whatever b.wherever
c.whenever d.however
解析:选a。句意:无论什么季节,这位律师除了一套西装以外,很少穿其他的(衣服)。whatever引导让步状语从句,whatever the season即whatever the season is。wherever无论什么地方;whenever无论什么时候;however无论怎样,均不符合语境要求。共6页,当前第6页123456