lesson3 grammar
tips:all things in their being are good for something.(天生我材必有用)
learning aim: learn the use of the modal verbs have to /not have to , can/can’t, ought to /ought not to
learning methods: observe----learn-----summarize------use
learning steps:
stepi: underline all the following words in the texts and translate them.
have to , don’t have to, ought to, ought not to, can’t,can
stepii: match the verbs to their meanings.(a级)
1 have to a) not necessary
2 don’t have to b) necessary
3 can c) not allowed/not possible
4 can’t d) allowed/ possible
5 ought to e) not advisable
6 ought not to f) advisable
stepiii:transtrate the following sentences.(b级)
1.1)i can’t go out now, i have to look after my baby .
______________________________________
2)i must find a job,my parents can’t support me any longer.
_____________________________________________
3)— must we hand in our exercise books today?
— yes, you must. (no, you don’t have to/need’t.)
________________________________________________
总结:must 和have to表示___________,但must表示___________观,have to表示_________观(如例句1,2所示)
读一读,记一记:
must与have to有下列几点不同:
① must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而have to则往往强调客观需要。 the play is not interesting. i really must go now. i had to work when i was your age. ② must与have to 的时态差别: have有时态的变化,如三单has, 过去时had ,表示 客观上的不得不,能与所有 时态一起。must为情态动词, 无时态的变化 , 表示主观上的必须, 需要。③ 二者的否定意义不大相同。如: you mustn't go. 你可不要去。 you don't have to go. 你不必去。 ④ 询问对方的意愿时应用must。如: must i clean all the room?2 1)can you speak english?
__________________________________________________ can表示能力(如体力和脑力方面),意为“__________”等can表示能力时,还可用be able to代替。如:
i'll not be able to come this afternoon.
2)表示请求或允许,多用在口语中,意为“__________”等。
— can/could i go now?
— yes, you can.(回答语中不能用could)
3) 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。(主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中) 共3页,当前第1页123
can this be true? ______________________how can you be so careless! ___________________this cannot be done by him. __________________4)在变否定句时,直接在后加上“not”,可缩写成_________或___________, 但不能写成cann’t。例如:
(变成否定句) he can swim. → _______________________
3 ought意思是______________后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式否定式为_________________。(c级)
you ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar.
____________________________________________
you ought to bring the child here.
_____________________________________________
you ought not to walk alone at night. _____________________________________________
注意: ought to和should的区别:
1.ought to语气略强。 2.should较常用。3.ought to在美国英语中用的很少,而should却相当常用。4.ought to属正式用语。
练一练:(c级)
1the man in the office____________be mr. black because he went home
just now.
a. mustn’t b. may not c. can’t d. needn’t
2---can you go surfing with us this afternoon?
----i’d like to , but i ________ look after my sister at home , because my mother is ill.
a. need b. must c. have to d. should
3----can i take this book out of the reading room?
------______. please read it here.
a. certainly b.no, you needn’t
c.no, you mustn’t d.no, you may not
4 ----_____ you help me answer the telephone
----ok.
a. can b. should c. need d. must
5 tom is young but he ____ fly a kite by himself.
a. can b. may c. need d. must
6 -----could i cross the street here?
-----of course you _____.
a.could b.can c.are able to d.will
7-----_______ we attend the party?
-----no, you needn’t. you are free.
a. must b. can c.may d. shall
stepiii do the exercises on page 82----1.2.
the lowest grade
"professor, i did the best i could on this test. i really don't think i deserve a zero.""neither do i. but that's the lowest grade i'm allowed to give."
学生:“教授先生,我这次考试已经竭尽全力了.我真的觉得我不应该得零蛋.”老师:“我也是.但是这已经是我能给的最低分了!”
小结反思:这几个情态动词的用法你掌握了吗?
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