一. 本周教学内容:unit 4 making the news 制作新闻1. 重点单词短语用法讲解 2. 课文难点句解析二. 知识总结与归纳:单元内容简介:(一)主题:本单元中心话题是:制作新闻的基本程序;报纸和电视节目(二)本单元涉及到的语法现象:过去分词短语作宾语补足语三. 重点讲解与归纳:(一)重点单词与短语:1. you’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you and if you are interested in photography, it may be possible for you to concentrate on that later on. 你将发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你。如果你对摄影感兴趣,以后你有可能集中精力去搞它。concentrate v.全神贯注,精神集中,专心致志;集中,集合;浓缩concentrate(sth. )on sth. /doing sth. 专心致志于某事/做某事concentrated adj. 集中的,浓缩的 concentrated fire 集中火力concentrated food 浓缩食品 concentration n. 集中,专心①we should concentrate all our efforts on improving education.我们应该致力于改进教育工作。②troops are concentrating south of the river.军队正向河的南边集结。③my father is concentrating on fishing.我父亲正全神贯注地钓鱼。2. meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says. 同时,你还要根据被采访人所谈的话准备提出下一个问题。meanwhile adv.当时,同时,在那当中;n.其时,其间meanwhile = meantime=at the same time in the meantime在此期间,同时注意:meanwhile不能作连词用,所以不能引导时间状语从句。①the train will come in an hour. meanwhile we can have lunch. 火车还有一个小时才到,在此期间我们可以吃午饭。②perhaps time would solve the problem;in the meantime they continued to remain excellent friends.或许时间会解决问题;在此期间,他们仍是好朋友。3. this is a trick of the trade.这就是我们职业的诀窍了。trade v. & n.(常与in,with连用)1)n. [u]贸易;商业2)n. [c]一笔生意;手艺;行业3)vt. & vi.做生意;从事贸易do a trade in... 做…买卖 trade sth. with sb. 与某人换取某物trade a for b 用a换取b①if you don’t like your book, i'll trade with you.如果你不喜欢你那本书,我来跟你换一下。②the old man traded his house for a car.这位老人用他的房子换了一辆汽车。③shoemaking is a useful trade.制鞋业是有用的行业。4. have you ever had a case where somebody accused your reporters of getting the wrong end of the stick?你有没有过这样的情况:别人控告你的记者,说他的报道失实了呢?case是个多义词,主要用作名词,有时也作动词用。共12页,当前第1页123456789101112(1)用作可数名词主要表示①情况,情形;事例;病例,病情;患者;案情,案件the case is different with her.她的情况不同。in all these cases complete cures have been made.所有这些病症都被完全治好。the worst cases were sent to hospital.最严重的病人被送进医院了。②箱子,盒子,箧子,套子she put the typewriter back in its case.她把打字机放回机壳里。(2)语法术语“格”的意思,可作可数或不可数名词。(3)用作动词,表示“把……装入箱(或盒等)内”。the goods have been cased up for transport. 货物已经装箱待运。(4)有关的词组:①in case可用来引导从句,相当于“if(如果)”或“lest(免得,以防)”,但如果主句是一般将来时或祈使句。从句中的谓语动词要用一般现在时代替将来时(口语体)或“should加动词原形(虚拟语气)。”如果下雨,会议就会延期。(口语)the meeting will be put off, in case it should rain.如果下雨,会议就会延期。(书面语)注意:in case也可单独使用,位于句末。前面通常加上“just”,有时也可不加,可译为“以防万一”。it may rain;you'd better take an umbrella (just)in case. 可能会下雨:你最好带把伞,以防万一。注意:in case引出的条件句表示的是一种“预防某种情况的出现”。如果条件句指的是一般的假设或条件的话,不用in case,须用连词。②in case of表示“倘遇到……的时候;以防,防备”,常与其搭配的词有:fire,rain,danger,difficulty,failure,absence,war,doubt等。take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 带把伞吧,以防下雨。③in the case of表示“就…而言,至于”。in the case of the entrance exam, i do not feel satisfactory.就入学考试而言,我感到不满意。we should make an exception in the case of mr. smith.至于史密斯先生,我们应该例外处理。④in any case无论如何,不管怎样⑤in no case在任何情况下都不,绝不5. gifted adj. 有才能的;有天赋的;悟性高的;聪颖的gift n. 礼物,赠品;才能,天赋have a gift for sth. /doing ste有某方面/ 干某事的能力①they are gifted children.他们是聪慧的儿童。②many thanks for the gifts you sent me on my birthday.多谢你们在我过生日时送给我的礼物。6. normal word order 正常语序normal adj. & n.1)adj.(1)作形容词用时,它可作“正常的,标准的”解。(2)它也可作“智力正常的,精神健全的”解。2)n.(1)作不可数名词时,指正常的状态、数量、程度等。return to normal恢复正常 above(below)normal高于(低于)标准(2)作可数名词,意为“法线,垂直线”。7. then as the article was going to be written in english zhou yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style.因为这篇文章要用英文来写,所以周阳拿了一份稿子给一位母语为英语的外国雇员,请她对语言风格进行了润饰。polish v. & n.共12页,当前第2页123456789101112(1)v.polish可作及物动词,意为“磨光,擦亮”。to polish furniture漆光家具作不及物动词用,作“发亮,变光滑,变优美”解。(2)n. polish作名词,意为“生光泽之物;油漆之物”。the polish of the furniture reflected our faces like a mirror.家具的光泽像镜子般地照出了我们的面孔。8. appointment n. 约会;职务,工作;任命1)用作可数名词(1)约会用于表示“约会”的含义时,有时也用作不可数名词,但常见于by appointment这一表示法:he will only see you by appointment.必须先约定,他才会见你。(2)职务、工作i hope i shall get a teaching appointment at the new school.我希望能获得那所新学校的教师职位。2)用作不可数名词,其意为“任命”for a time we hoped for the appointment of robert. 有一段时间我们想任命罗伯特3)appointments (pl. )设备(用复数形式,尤指煤气炉、浴盆等不易移动的东西)the room’s appointments were in queen anne style. 这间房间的陈设是安娜女王时代的式样。(二)易混词辨析:1. occupation/profession/career1)occupation(1)occupation用作名词,也可以指“工作;职业”。(2)occupation还可以指“使某人忙碌的事情;消遣”。(3)occupation还可以表示“居住;占据”的意思。一what's your husband's occupation? 一he is a policeman.—你丈夫的职业是什么?—他是一个警察。swimming and skating are my favourite occupations. 游泳和滑冰是我所喜爱的运动。their occupation of the apartment lasted only for three months. 他们在这个公寓里只居住了三个月。2)profession(1)profession用作名词,指工作;(尤指受过专门训练的)职业。(2)与profession有关的词组:without profession 无职业 choose a profession 选择一种职业enter a profession 开始从事某种职业he is a surgeon by profession. 他的职业是外科医生。3)career (1)用作名词(c),表示“职业;专业”的意思。(2)还可以表示“生涯;经历”的意思。(3)(个人)的事业(c)。(4)可作定语。例如: a career woman 一位职业女性2. accuse/charge两个动词都有“控诉,指控”之意,但它们后面所搭配的介词不同。accuse指控,控诉,与介词of连用。charge可以指因为小错而受的责备,也指因违法而受到控告,与介词with连用。①the police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。②man often accuses nature for his own misfortunes. 人类常把自己的不幸归咎于天。3. defend/protect guard1)defend指用武力或其他措施保护某人物在面临危险时不受损害。it is the duty of every chinese citizen to defend motherland. 2)protect指利用各种安全措施使其不受损害:clothes protect us from cold3)防止可能遇到的攻击或侵害。two big dogs guard the farm. 4. normal/standard/regular/ordinary/usual/common共12页,当前第3页1234567891011121)normal指不超过某种限度、符合某种标准或常规。2)standard 指公认为决定事物质量或人的品质的准则或原则。3)regular 指已有模式、有规律或定期的。4)ordinary 强调一般性和普通性,含不突出的意味。5)usual 通常与人的行为习惯有关,含义为“惯常的,通常的”。6)common “普通的”,“平常的”,“共有的”,指从质量或品德上无特殊、显眼或杰出之处,因而是大多数人或事物所具有的、常见的。5. accurate/ correct/exact1)accurate的意思是“准确的、精确的”。它不仅表示没有错误,而且表示细心谨慎地做到符合标准、符合事实、无出入。2)correct 的意思是“正确的”,指按照一定的标准或规则没有错误。在这三个词中,它的语意最弱。3)exact的意思是“精确的、确切的”,强调完全符合标准,符合事实或真相,丝毫没有差错。在这三个词中。它的语意最强。①is this watch accurate?这只表走得准吗?②his answer is correct. 他的回答是正确的。③the figures are not accurate. 这些数字不精确。6. main/major/chief(1)main意为“主要的,重要的”,通常用来修饰物。(2)major“重要的,主要的”,修饰人或物,修饰人时尤指权利、地位较高的人。(3)chief“主要的,最重要的”,指职位、职称(最高的)级别。①my main concern is the welfare of the children.我最关心的是儿童的福利。②we have encountered major problems. 我们遇到大问题了。(三)难句分析:1. you’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you and if you are interested in photography, it may be possible for you to concentrate on that later on. 你将发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你。如果你对摄影感兴趣,以后你有可能集中精力去搞它。2. have you ever had a case where somebody accused your reporters of getting the wrong end of the stick?你有没有过这样的情况:别人控告你的记者,说他的报道失实了呢?3. then as the article was going to be written in english zhou yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style.因为这篇文章要用英文来写,所以周阳拿了一份稿子给一位母语为英语的外国雇员,请她对语言风格进行了润饰。(四)语法 grammar 倒装英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语动词在后。把谓语动词提前,就叫倒装。如果把全部谓语放在主语之前,叫全部倒装;如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。倒装结构通常用于下列场合:i. 全部倒装1. 用于there be句型。例如:there are many students in the classroom. 2. 用于“here(there,now,then)+不及物动词+主语”的句型中,或以out,in,up,down,away等副词开头的句子里,以表示强调。例如:① here comes the bus. ② there goes the bell. ③ now comes your turn. ④ out went the children. 注意:代词作主语时,主谓语序不变。例如:⑤ here it is⑥ here he comes. 3. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时,也常常引起全部倒装。例如:共12页,当前第4页123456789101112 ① south of the city lies a big steel factory. ② from the valley came a frightening sound. 4. 表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。 1)形容词+连系动词+主语 present at the meeting were professor white,professor smith and many other guests. 2)过去分词+连系动词+主语 gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the chinese people. 3)介词短语+be+主语 among the goods are christmas trees,flowers,candles and toys. 5. 用于以so,nor,neither开头的句子,表示重复前句部分内容。原句的谓语应与前句谓语的时态、形式相一致。例如: ①he has been to beijing. so have i. ②li wei can’t answer the question. neither can i. 6. 为了保持句子平衡,或为了强调表语或状语,或使上下文紧密衔接时。 ①they arrived at a farmhouse,in front of which sat a small boy. ②inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms. ⅱ. 部分倒装1. 用于疑问句。例如: do you speak english? 2. 省略了if的条件句中,were,had或should可提到句首构成部分倒装。例如: ①were i not so busy,i should go with you. ②had he been here yesterday, he would have come to watch the football match. 3. 在so...that(如此……以致于)句型中,若so...提至句首,则构成部分倒装。 ①so carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself. ②so loudly did he speak that people in the next room could hear him. 4. 用于“形容词(或名词、动词)+as(though)”引导的让步状语从句中。例如: ①pretty as she is,she is not clever. ②try as he would,he might fail again. 注意:1)在as(though)引导的让步状语从句中,如果主语较长. 也可实行全部倒装。例如: difficult as was the chemistry homework,it was finished in me. 2)如果从句的表语是名词,其名词前不加任何冠词。例如: child as he was,he had to make a living. 5. 用于no sooner... than...,hardly...when和not until句型中,no sooner,hardly,not until置于句首时,句子倒装。例如: not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 6. 用于以never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,barely,little, often not only,not once等词开头的句子。例如: ①never shall i do this again. ②little did he know who the woman was. 共12页,当前第5页1234567891011127. 用于only开头的句子(only后面为副词、介词短语或句子)。例如: ①only this afternoon did i finish the novel. ②only in this way can you master english. 如果only后面的词组不是状语,则不用倒装,例如: ③only wang ling knows this. 8. 如果直接引语后注明引语是什么人说的,而且主语是名词时,用倒装结构;主语是代词时,一般不用倒装:例如:“let’s go,”said the man. 9. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子:例如: ①may you succeed!祝你成功! ②long live the people!人民万岁! ③may you all be happy!祝你们幸福!【模拟试题】i. 单项选择:1. the man planned to make law his______. a. career b. life c. occupation d. work2. anne couldn't concentrate ____what she was doing while her family were watching tv. a. to b. on c. for d. in3. not only ______to us the importance of doing the work but they also told us the best way to do it. a. did they explain b. they explained c. they explain d. had they explained4. jerry was playing football and tom was ____playing volleyball. a. however b. meanwhile c. likely d. often5. many people agree that _____knowledge of english is a must in ____international trade. 共12页,当前第6页123456789101112 a. a;/ b. the;an c. the;the d./;the6. john may phone tonight. i don’t want to go out ___he phones. a. as long as b. in order that c. in case d. so that7. tom ____his boss of having broken his word. a. blamed b. accused c. charged d. scolded8. dr. kesley happened,in ____of conversation,to say that he had intention of visiting china. a. cause b. course c. during d. period9. _____that i couldn't support myself at that moment. a. i was weak enough b. i was too weak c. so weak i was d. so weak was i10. not only _____the bus, but_____. a. she can driver; she can b. can she drive; can shec. she can drive; can she d. can she drive; she can 11. we shall _______our island,whatever the cost may be a. defend b. protect c. guard d. prevent共12页,当前第7页12345678910111212. the new research was led by the ____ engineer. a. main b. major c. chief d. primary13. would it be possible to make an ______in advance have my hair cut tomorrow? a. appointment b. arrangement c. schedule d. engagement14. _______, he does not know the answer.a. as he is a teacher b. as he is teacher c. a teacher as he is d. teacher as he is15. in _____and the lesson began. a. the teacher came b. the teacher comingc. came the teacher d. did the teacher comeii. 弗兰克英语 专题训练:阅读理解步步高 步骤1:快速浏览下列文章,然后将该文章的段落顺序重新排列一下,当心!有一段与本文无关哦,请剔除,呵呵!有点意思!(科普性说明文)1. recently the world health organization announced that the disease of smallpox ( 天花 ) had almost been wiped out in most parts of the world,thanks to widespread vaccination ( 种牛痘 ). most people are vaccinated at least once in their lives and if they wish to travel from one country to another they must be able to prove that they have had a recent vaccination. in this way the disease has been prevented from spreading and today one seldom hears of it at all. 2. for example , when farmers killed large numbers of hawks(鹰), the farmers stores of corn and grain were destroyed by rats and mice . why ? because hawks eat rats and mice . with no hawks to keep down their numbers , the rats and mice multiplied(繁殖)quickly . 共12页,当前第8页1234567891011123. this is mainly because of the great discovery made by a village doctor,edward jenner,in about 1798 when he published his report of his new experiment called vaccination ( from the word “vacca” meaning a cow ). jenner discovered that people who worked with cattle often suffered from a harmless disease which they caught from the cattle,but these people never seemed to get smallpox. so he experimented by putting the disease into small opening on the arms of healthy people,and though their arms became painful for a day or two,they soon recovered and none of these people ever got smallpox. 4. so the news of the wonderful discovery spread to other countries and people rushed to their doctors to be vaccinated. in many countries the simple way to deal with the arm was done on thousands of people , and the terrible smallpox began to disappear. 段落顺序是: __________________________________________步骤2:根据上篇阅读文章做以下理解练习1. which of the following is an ineffectual way of preventing the spread of smallpox ?a. most people were vaccinated against the disease at least once.b. people going abroad should promise not to spread the disease. c. people traveling from one country to another must prove they are vaccinated. d. people must be vaccinated shortly before going to foreign countries. 2. the doctor's new discovery was called “vaccination” for the reason that ___________ . a. he discovered smallpox near a farm b. he experimented with a disease from the cattlec. he was working with cattle in the countryside d. people got the disease of smallpox from the cattle3. the news of the discovery ___________ . a. caught people's attention from all corners of the world b. spread far and near in the western countriesc. made people rush to dr. jennet for vaccination d. helped to get rid of the terrible disease of smallpoxiii. 消化训练: 步骤3: 根据文章意思将下列句中所缺的单词补上。recently the world health organization _______________ that the disease of smallpox had almost been ______________ out in most parts of the world,thanks to widespread vaccination .most people are ______________ at least once in their lives and if they wish to travel from one country to ______________they must be able to prove that they have had a recent vaccination. in this way the disease has been ______________ from spreading and today one seldom hears of it at all. this is mainly because of the great ______________ made by a village doctor,edward jenner,in about 1798 when he ______________ his report of his new experiment called vaccination ( from the word “vacca” meaning a cow ). jenner discovered that people who worked with cattle often ______________ from a harmless disease which they caught from the______________,but these people never seemed to get smallpox. so he ______________ by putting the disease into a small opening on the ______________ of healthy people,and though their arms became ______________ for a day or two,they soon recovered and none of these people ever got smallpox. 共12页,当前第9页123456789101112so the news of the wonderful discovery______________ to other countries and people ______________ to their doctor’s to be vaccinated. in many countries the simple way to ______________ ______________ the arm was done on thousands of people , and the terrible smallpox began to ______________. 步骤 4: 根据文章意思将下列句中所缺的单词补上。recently the world health organization _______________ that the _____________ of smallpox had almost been ______________ out in most parts of the world,________________ _______widespread vaccination .most people are ______________ at least once in their lives and if they wish to travel from one country to ______________they must be able to _____________ that they have had a recent vaccination. _____ _____ __________the disease has been ______________ from spreading and today one seldom hears of it at all. this is mainly because of the great ______________ made by a village doctor,edward jenner,in about 1798 when he ______________ his report of his new experiment _____________ vaccination ( from the word “vacca” meaning a cow ). jenner discovered that people _____________worked with cattle often ______________ from a harmless disease _____________ they caught from the______________,but these people never seemed to get smallpox. so he ______________ by putting the disease into a small opening on the ______________ of healthy people,and _____________ their arms became ______________ for a day or two,they soon recovered and none of these people ever got smallpox. so the news of the wonderful discovery______________ to other countries and people ______________ to their doctor’s to be vaccinated. in many countries the simple way to ______________ ______________ the arm was done ____ thousands of people , and the terrible smallpox began to ______________. 步骤5: 把下列各个打乱顺序的句子重新排好顺序和连接起来并抄写下来if they wish to travel from one country to another , they must be able to prove that in this way the disease has been prevented from spreading and most people are vaccinated at least once in their lives andrecently the world health organization announced that the disease of smallpox had almost been wiped out in most parts of the world,thanks to widespread vaccination .they have had a recent vaccination. today one seldom hears of it at all. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________共12页,当前第10页123456789101112but these people never seemed to get smallpox. edward jenner,in about 1798 when he published his report of his newexperiment called vaccination ( from the word “vacca” meaning a cow ). harmless disease which they caught from the cattle,jenner discovered that people who worked with cattle often suffered from a small opening on the arms of healthy people,and though their arms became painful for a day or two,so he experimented by putting the disease into athey soon recovered and none of these people ever got smallpox. this is mainly because of the great discovery made by a village doctor,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________and the terrible smallpox began to disappear. in many countries the simplepeople rushed to their doctors to be vaccinated. so the news of the wonderful discovery spread to other countries and way to deal with the arm was done on thousands of people , 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[参考答案]i. 1. 选a 这里career指作为终身的工作,而occupation多指固定工作。句意为“那个人计划把法律作为终身事业”。2. 选b concentrate on sth. /doing sth. 专心致志于某事/做某事。3. 选a not only...but also... 两个分句时态要一致,not only置于句首,前一个分句要倒装。4. 选 b 据语境应选b,此处meanwhile相当于at the same time。5. 选 a a knowledge of意为“了解”,题干中trade作“贸易”讲,是不可数名词。6. 选c as long as意为“只要”,in order that意为“为了”,in case意为“以防”,so that意为“以致;为了”。in case引导条件状语从句。共12页,当前第11页123456789101112