知识详解
① congratulation n. 祝贺;祝贺词(常用复数)
(回归课本p43)when yang landed,premier wen jiabao telephoned the control centre to offer his congratulations.
当杨利伟着陆的时候,xx总理打电话到控制中心表示祝贺。
【归纳总结】
(1)congratulations!祝贺!恭喜!
offer/send one’s congratulations to sb.on sth.
为某事向某人祝贺……
(2)congratulate v.祝贺
congratulate sb.on(doing)sth.向某人祝贺……
congratulate oneself on...暗自庆幸……
【例句探源】
① we offered mr.wang our congratulations on his success in business.我们祝贺王先生生意兴隆。
② you are admitted to beijing university.congratulations!
你被北京大学录取了。恭喜!
③we congratulated our monitor on being elected chairman of the students’ union.
我们祝贺我们的班长被选为学生会主席。
congratulate,celebrate
(1)congratulate指对某人取得的成就或喜庆之事表示“庆贺,祝贺”,其宾语是“人”,常与介词on搭配。
(2)celebrate指对某一节日、生日、胜利和成功等的“庆祝”,其宾语是物。
①we congratulated_him on having passed the examination.
②we not only congratulated him on having passed the interview but also held a party to celebrate it.
【易混辨析】
1.(高考山东卷)—john and i will celebrate our fortieth wedding anniversary next month.
—oh,________!
a.cheer up b.well done
c.go ahead d.congratulations
解析:选d。此题考查交际用语。句意是:“我和约翰下个月将庆祝我们结婚四十周年。”“噢,恭喜!恭喜!”cheer up打起精神来;well done做得好;go ahead开始吧;congratulations祝贺;恭喜。
【即境活用】
2.the two sportsmen congratulated each other________winning the match by shaking hands.
a.with b.on
c.in d.to
解析:选b。each other 作congratulated的宾语,后面要接on sth.表示“祝贺”的原因。
② replace vt. 把……放回(原处);取代,以……代替;更新
(回归课本p44)in the second sentence,the word when can be replaced with at the time that.
在第二个句子中,when可以用at the time that代替。
【归纳总结】
replace...with/by...用……代替……
take the place of=take sb,s place代替某人
instead of 代替;作为……的替换
in place of代替
① i don’t think that robots can be in place of human beings.
我认为机器人不会取代人类。
② they’re replacing the old windows with double glazing.
他们正在用双层玻璃窗替换旧窗户。
③he replaced the book on the shelf.
他把书放回架子上。
④teachers will never be replaced by computers in the classroom.
课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。
【例句探源】
【即境活用】
3.john is ill and has been________ by tom in our team in tomorrow’s football match.优优作文网
a.replaced b.recovered
c.realized d.reduced
解析:选a。replace“接替,替换”;recover“恢复”;realize“认识到”;reduce“减少”。
4.many substances are being used ________certain naturally occurring materials.
a.at the place of b.in place
c.in place of d.in a place of
解析:选c。此处根据句意用in place of表示“代替”的意思。
③ delighted adj. 高兴的,快乐的
(回归课本p45)...i am delighted to be here .
……我很高兴来到这里。
【归纳总结】
delight v.愉快n.高兴,(快乐)的事
be delighted at/with/by sth.为某事高兴
be delighted to do sth./thatclause很高兴做某事
to one’s delight 令某人高兴的是……
delight in (doing) sth.以(做)某事为乐
① i’d be absolutely delighted to come.
我非常乐意前来。
②tom was delighted at the sensation he was creating.
汤姆对他制造出来的轰动效应感到高兴。
③to his great delight, his novel was accepted for publication.
使他极为高兴的是,他的小说被批准出版了。
④(朗文p533)my dad took delight in calling me “the big ox” when i started growing taller than the other girls.
我个子长得超过其他女孩子的时候,我的爸爸就以叫我“大公牛”来取乐。
【例句探源】
【即境活用】
5.what ________them most was the________things in store for them.
a.delighted;delightful
b.delightful;delighted
c.delighted;delighted
d.delightful;delightful
解析:选a。第一个空是主语从句的谓语动词,表示“使……高兴”;第二个空是形容词“令人高兴的”,修饰things,故选a。
6.________with what he had done ,the public thought highly of him.
a.delight b.delighting
c.delighted d.being delighting
解析:选c。be delighted with“对……感到高兴”。delighted为过去分词作状语。句意:人们对他所做的事情感到高兴,并对他给予了高度评价。
④ produce v. 创作;生产,制造;出产;引起,产生
n. 产品,(尤指)农产品
(回归课本p49)in the united states,newspapers usually have the name of the city where they are produced.
在美国,报纸通常以它们的出版城市命名。
【归纳总结】
production n. 生产,产量
produce sth.生产某物;引起某事;创作出某物等agricultural produce 农产品
the production of...……的产量
①his announcement produced gasps of amazement.
他宣布的消息引起了一片惊叹声。
②in this play eliot produces some of his most expressive poetry.
在这个剧本中艾略特创作了他最具表现力的一些诗歌。
③new medicines are producing remarkable results in the treatment of cancer.优优作文网
新的药物在治疗癌症方面正产生着显著的效果。
【例句探源】
produce,production,product
(1)produce作“产品,产物”解时,主要指农产品,为不可数名词。
(2)production作“产品”解时,主要指文学艺术作品;此外还可用于指“生产、制造的行为”或“产量”。
(3)product作“产品”解时,多指用于出售的工业产品;此外,还可指“自然产物或生产过程中的产物”。
【易混辨析】
①we need to increase the production of computers.
②the country’s main products are timber,coal and sugar.
③the factory produces an incredible 100 cars per hour.
④the shop sells only fresh local produce.
⑤in total 合计,共计,总共
(回归课本p43)in total, these astronauts have spent more than 26,000 days in space.
这些宇航员总共在太空待的时间已经超过了26,000天。
【归纳总结】
total n.总数,总量,总额adj.完全的,彻底的,全部的v.总数为,总共达,共计,total up (to)合计,总数达到,a total of 总数为……,in all 总计,总共,altogether总计
① the visitors totalled up to 8,000 a day.
一天的游客数量总共达8,000人。
②there were probably about 40 people there in total.
那里总共可能有40人左右。
③(朗文p2182) a total of thirty neighbourhood meeting were conducted to discuss the issue.
总共举行了30次居委会会议来讨论这一问题。
④it is reported that more than six thousand people worldwide have died from h1n1 in total.
据报道,世界上共有6,000多人死于甲流。
【例句探源】
7.句型转换
(1)they were jailed for thirty years in total.
they were jailed for__________ thirty years.
解析:本句意为“他们在监狱里总共被关了三十年。”
答案:a total of
(2)it’s like learning a completely new language.
it’s like learning a__________new language.
解析:completely=totally表示“完全地,整个地”。本句意为“这就好像在学一种全新的语言。”
答案:totally
【即境活用】
(3)there were probably about 40 people there in all.
there were probably about 40 people there __________.
解析:in all=in total 表示“总共;总计”。本句意为“那里总共可能有四十人左右。”
答案:in total
⑥ believe in 相信;信任;信仰
(回归课本p48) you don’t believe in aliens, do you?
你不相信有外星人,对吗?
【归纳总结】
believe it or not 信不信由你
i believe so/not.我相信/不相信。
trust in相信
【例句探源】
①do you believe in china’s traditional herbal medicine?
你相信中国传统的中草药吗?
②(朗文p160)he believes in democracy.他相信民主。
③the inuit believe in animal spirits.
因纽特人相信动物有灵魂。
④believe it or not, there is no such things as standard english.
信不信由你,其实根本没有所谓的标准英语。
believe in,believe
(1)believe in“信任;信仰”,多指品德上的相信。
(2)believe表示相信某人的话、相信某事等,believe sb.=believe what sb.says“相信某人的话”。优优作文网
①i believe_in you,so i believe what you said.
②i don’t _believe that everyone believes_in god.
【易混辨析】
8.as is known to all,he is honest.that’s why i ________him all the time.but i don’t ________what he told me this time.
a.believe;believe b.believe in;believe
c.believe in;believe in d.believe;believe in
解析:选b。believe“相信(某人所说的话)”;believe in“依赖,信任”。
【即境活用】
9. (高考安徽卷)i’m amazed to hear from my school teacher again.________,it is ten years since we met last.
a.in a word b.what’s more
c.that’s to say d.believe it or not
解析:选d。句意:又一次收到我学校老师的信使我很吃惊。和下句:自从上次我们见面到现在已经XX年了。可知道选d,信不信由你。
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】 now that i have made this first visit, i hope i can come many more times.(p45)
既然我开始了第一次访问,我希望能够多来几次。
【句法分析】 now that 表示“既然”,相当于since,在此引导原因状语从句,其中that 可以省去。
①now(that) you don’t understand it,why not ask for help?
既然你不明白,为什么不请求帮忙呢?
②(朗文p1400)i’m going to relax now that the school year is over.
既然本学年已经结束了,我可要放松一下了。
③now the weather is fine,let’s go for a ride.
既然天气好,我们去开车兜一兜风吧。
10.—have you got any idea for the summer vacation?
—i don’t mind where we go ________there’s sun,sea and beach.
a.as if b.as long as
c.now that d.in order that
解析:选b。句意:——暑假有什么打算?——去什么地方都行,只要有阳光、大海和沙滩就可以了。as long as只要,引导条件状语从句;as if 好像;now that 既然;in order that为了,不符合语境要求。
【即境活用】
11.—________you like the car so much,why not drive it back?
—well,i can’t afford________car.
a.since;that a big
b.now that;that big a
c.so long as;a that big
d.when;a big that
解析:选b。句意:——既然你那么喜欢那辆车,为什么不把它开回家呢?——恩,我买不起那么大的车。now that 既然,that big中,that相当于so。故选b。
② 【教材原句】 amateur astronomer david bates was looking at the moon through his telescope last night when he got a big surprise.(p45)
昨晚天文爱好者david bates 在用望远镜观看月球,突然,他大吃一惊。
【句法分析】 when 在此处为并列连词,意为“当时突然”,强调另一个动作的突然发生。常用于下列句式:
sb.be doing sth.when...
sb.be about to do sth.when...
sb.be going to do sth.when...
sb.had/have/has just done sth.when...
①i was walking along the river when i heard a drowning boy crying for help.优优作文网
我正沿着河边走,突然听到了一个溺水儿童的呼救声。
②i was about to leave when it began to snow.
我正准备离开这时天突然下起雪来。
③he was going to run away when the police came.
他正准备逃跑,这时忽然警察来了。
12.(高考全国卷ⅱ) tom was about to close the window __________his attention was caught by a bird.
a.when b.if
c.and d.till
解析:选a。句意:汤姆正要关上窗户,就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。在句式“...be about to do when...”中,when 作并列连词,相当于and at that time,句中was about to do为标志词,故答案为a项。
【即境活用】
13.(高考福建卷)she had just finished her homework __________her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.
a.when b.while
c.after d.since
解析:选a。考查连词。句意:昨天她刚一做完家庭作业,她妈妈就让她去练钢琴。when 在这里的意思是“一……就;刚……就”。
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