XX高考英语备考(考点聚焦+名题导解)名词性从句
一、考点聚焦
1、名词性从句中连接词的运用
名词性从句中的连接词有连词that/whether/asif,连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。
(1)that的用法。[ks5u.com]
①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如:
thattheyaregoodatenglishisknowntousall.
theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.
sheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometochinaoneday.
②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略:(a)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;(b)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省;(c)当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。如:
hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstand
wine
everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.
thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.
③that从句作主语和宾语时,可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。
(a)itis clear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…(b)itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...(c)itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…(d)itseems/happensthat。如:
ithappenedthatiwentoutlastnight.
itissaidthatchinawillwinintheworldcup.
④that和what的区别。
that引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不以当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义;而what引导名词性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词即常说的先行词+that。如:
it’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.dowhathesays.
⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。
同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语,宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容,如以下名词:news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如:
theyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitchinaagain.(同位语从句)
thehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitchinaagain.(定语从句)
(2)whether和if的用法。
①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如:
italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.
②后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如:
ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinwuhan.
③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如:
whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhas notbeendecidedyet.共
thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.
④whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if不能。如:
weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecando
itornot.
⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用;whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如:
thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimpor-
tant.
ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.
⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如:
thankyou,butwhetheri’llbefreei’mnotsureatthemoment.
⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”,而if不能。如:
whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.
(3)疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。
①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如:
whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.
youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.
②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如:
whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,
whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.
③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如:
nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.
nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.
(4)when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从句,否则则为同位语从句。如:
theyput forwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.
thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.
2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致
(1)宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象,虽然主句是过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。如:
hello,ididn’tknowyouwereinlondon.howlonghaveyoubeenhere?
theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.
(2)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数,如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数。如:
whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.
whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.
whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.
3、名词性从句的词序
名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如:
heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.
we’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.
whateveryousaywillinterestusall.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1.acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.
a.how b.after c.what d.when
解析:答案为c。本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分,故what最合适。共
2.—idrovetozhuhaifortheairshowlastweek..
—isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff?(nmet 99)
a.why b.when c.what d.where
解析:答案为a。此题考查的是从句的用法。根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。”下面一句接着问:“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗?”故用why引导表语从句表示原因。
3.ihate__________whenpeopetalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(nmet 98)
a.it b.that c.these d.them
解析:答案为a。本题考查的是形式宾语的用法。题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”。该空白处没有任何含义,而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句,所以此处只填一个形式宾语it。
4.ithinkfatherwouldliketoknow i’vebeenuptosofar,soidecidetosendhimaquicknote.
a.which b.why c.what d.how
解析:答案为c。考查宾语从句连词用法,由结构sb.beuptosth.可知,应选what作介词to的宾语。
5.wecannotfigureout quiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.
a.that b.as c.why d.when
解析:答案为c。本题考查宾语从句知识,figureout为及物动词,故此句为宾语从句,从句意得知连词在从句中作原因状语,故选why.
6.afteryangliweisucceededincirclingtheearth, ourastronautsdesiredoiswalkinspace.
a.where b.what c.that d.how
解析:答案为b。此题句子为时间状语从句,全主句的主语是由主语从句来充当的,并且主语从句中不定式动词do缺少宾语,故选what。
XX高考英语备考(考点聚焦+名题导解)名词性从句
一、考点聚焦
1、名词性从句中连接词的运用
名词性从句中的连接词有连词that/whether/asif,连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。共
(1)that的用法。[ks5u.com]
①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如:
thattheyaregoodatenglishisknowntousall.
theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.
sheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometochinaoneday.
②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略:(a)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;(b)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省;(c)当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。如:
hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstand
wine
everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.
thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.
③that从句作主语和宾语时,可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。
(a)itis clear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…(b)itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...(c)itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…(d)itseems/happensthat。如:
ithappenedthatiwentoutlastnight.
itissaidthatchinawillwinintheworldcup.
④that和what的区别。
that引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不以当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义;而what引导名词性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词即常说的先行词+that。如:
it’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.dowhathesays.
⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。
同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语,宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容,如以下名词:news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如:
theyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitchinaagain.(同位语从句)
thehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitchinaagain.(定语从句)
(2)whether和if的用法。
①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如:
italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.
②后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如:
ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinwuhan.
③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如:
whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhas notbeendecidedyet.
thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.
④whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if不能。如:
weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecando
itornot.
⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用;whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如:共
thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimpor-
tant.
ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.
⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如:
thankyou,butwhetheri’llbefreei’mnotsureatthemoment.
⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”,而if不能。如:
whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.
(3)疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。
①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如:
whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.
youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.
②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如:
whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,
whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.
③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如:
nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.
nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.
(4)when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从句,否则则为同位语从句。如:
theyput forwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.
thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.
2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致
(1)宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象,虽然主句是过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。如:
hello,ididn’tknowyouwereinlondon.howlonghaveyoubeenhere?
theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.
(2)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数,如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数。如:
whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.
whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.
whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.
3、名词性从句的词序
名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如:
heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.
we’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.
whateveryousaywillinterestusall.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1.acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.
a.how b.after c.what d.when
解析:答案为c。本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分,故what最合适。
2.—idrovetozhuhaifortheairshowlastweek..
—isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff?(nmet 99)
a.why b.when c.what d.where共
解析:答案为a。此题考查的是从句的用法。根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。”下面一句接着问:“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗?”故用why引导表语从句表示原因。
3.ihate__________whenpeopetalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(nmet 98)
a.it b.that c.these d.them
解析:答案为a。本题考查的是形式宾语的用法。题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”。该空白处没有任何含义,而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句,所以此处只填一个形式宾语it。
4.ithinkfatherwouldliketoknow i’vebeenuptosofar,soidecidetosendhimaquicknote.
a.which b.why c.what d.how
解析:答案为c。考查宾语从句连词用法,由结构sb.beuptosth.可知,应选what作介词to的宾语。
5.wecannotfigureout quiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.
a.that b.as c.why d.when
解析:答案为c。本题考查宾语从句知识,figureout为及物动词,故此句为宾语从句,从句意得知连词在从句中作原因状语,故选why.
6.afteryangliweisucceededincirclingtheearth, ourastronautsdesiredoiswalkinspace.
a.where b.what c.that d.how
解析:答案为b。此题句子为时间状语从句,全主句的主语是由主语从句来充当的,并且主语从句中不定式动词do缺少宾语,故选what。
共