【人教新课标】XX年高考一轮复习黄金学案――unit3 traveljournal(必修一)
语言要点单元要点预览(旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点)
词汇
部分
词语
辨析1.finally/atlast/intheend2.across/through/over3.persuade/advise4.beneath/under/below
词形
变化1.organizevt.组织organizedadj.有组织的organizationn.组织2.wooln.羊毛woolenadj.毛纺的;纯毛的3.determinev.决定 determined adj. 坚决的determinationn.决心;坚定性
重点
单词1.preferv.更喜欢,选择某事物(而不选择其他事物) 2.persuadev.说服;劝说3.insistv.坚持4.determinev. 决定;确定;下定决心
重点
词组1. careabout关心,在乎gothrough经历;经受2. givein屈服,让步,投降;上交3. changeone’smind改变主意
重点句子1.itwasmysisterwho/thatfirsthadtheideatocyclealongtheentiremekongriver.首先想到沿湄公河骑车旅游的是我姐姐。(强调句)2.sheinsistedthatshe(should)organizethetripproperly. 她坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。
重点语法现在进行时表示将来(见语法部分)i词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)1.finally/atlast/intheend【解释】 finally有两个意思,一是在按顺序列举事物或论点时引出最后一项内容,“最后,末了”;二是表示“在经过很长时间之后才,终于。”另外,finally一般位于动词前。atlast强调经过一番努力intheend强调经过许多困难、变化之后,事情才发生atlast和intheend同finally的第二个意思【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).thewarlastedfouryearsbeforethenorthwon_______________.2).yourideawillturnoutright_________.3).______,iwanttothankyouforhelpingme.keys:1).intheend/atlast 2).intheend 3).finally2.across/through/over【解释】across表示从表面上横穿,横跨through表示穿过空间内部over表示“越过”,指从较高物体的一侧到另一侧【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空thegreatwallwindsitsway____highmountains,___deepvalleysand___great deserts. keys: over…through…across3.persuade/advise【解释】persuade指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事。强调劝说已收到成效。advise并不涉及是否有成效【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).someofus________himtochangehismindbutnoonecould_________himtodoso.keys:1).advised…persuade4.beneath/under/below【解释】beneath书面用词,指紧挨……之下under 普通用词,指在某物的正下方below 指位置低于某物或在某物下方,但不一定在正下方,所指范围较宽共13页,当前第1页12345678910111213【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).writeyourname_______theline.2).theyfoundthebodyburiedapileofleaves.3).theystood________abigtree.keys:1).below 2).beneath 3).underii词性变化(旨在提供语法填空所需材料)1.organizevt.组织organizedadj.有组织的organizationn.组织2.wooln.羊毛woolenadj.毛纺的;纯毛的3.determinev.决定 determined adj. 坚决的determinationn.决心;坚定性【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1) he'sinvolvedinthe_______ofanewclub.(organize)2) she’sahighly________person.(organize)3)she_______theclassintofourgroups.(organize)4)thesegoatsarespeciallybredfortheir_______.(wool)5)thoseare_______blankets(wool)6)hisfatherisaleaderwithcourageand_________.(determine)7) shewill________howitistobedone.(determine)8) i'm________tosucceed.(determine)keys: 1)organization 2)organized 3)organized 4)wool 5)woolen 6)determination 7)determine 8)determinedⅲ重点词汇(旨在提供综合运用所需材料)1.preferv.(preferred/preferring)更喜欢,选择某事物(而不选择其他事物) [典例]1).ipreferdogstocats.猫狗之中我更喜欢狗。2).ipreferspeakingthetruthtolying.我宁愿讲实话而不愿说谎。3).wouldyoupreferthatweputoffourweddingtillnextmouth?你是否更愿意把我们的婚礼推迟到下个月?[重点用法]prefersth../doing preferatobpreferdoingatodoingb prefer(sb.)todo(ratherthando)preferthat-clause[练习]中译英1).比起乘坐拥挤的公共汽车,他宁愿骑自行车。__________________________________________________________________________________________2).玛丽更愿意我在外面等她。__________________________________________________________________________________________keys:1).ratherthanrideonacrowdedbus,healwayspreferstorideabicycle.共13页,当前第2页123456789101112132).maryprefersmetowaitforheroutside.2.persuadev.说服;劝说[典例]1).wepersuadedhimtotakethejob/intotakingthejob.我们说服了他接受这份工作。2).mymotherfinallypersuadedmenottogototheparty/outofgoingtotheparty. 妈妈最终说服我不参加这次聚会。3).howcanipersuadeyouofmysincerity?我如何能让你相信我是真诚的?4).iamalmostpersuadedthatheishonest.我几乎相信了他是诚实的。[重点用法]persuadesb.todosth.=persuadesb.intodoingsth.说服某人做某事persuadesb.nottodosth.=persuadesb.outofsth./doingsth. 劝阻某人做某事persuadesb.ofsth. 使某人相信某事persuadethat-clause 使某人相信...[练习]中译英 1)他正试图说服他的朋友放弃抽烟。 2)我们使亨利相信是他错了。 3)我几乎相信他是诚实的。key:1)heistryingtopersuadehisfriendstogiveupsmoking. 2)wepersuadedharrythathewaswrong. 3)iamalmostpersuadedofhishonesty.3.insistv.坚持[典例]youcancomebacklater,ifyouinsist. 如果你一定要坚持,你就稍后再来吧。[重点用法]insiston/uponsth./(sb’s)doing坚持某事/要求(某人)做某事istillinsistonmyviewpoint. 我仍然坚持我的观点。heinsistedonpayingforthemeal. 他坚持要付饭钱。motherinsistedonourwashingtheclothesbyourselves.妈妈坚决要求我们自己洗衣服。[练习]选择填空1).themaninsisted_______ataxiformeeventhoughitoldhimilivednearby.a.find b.tofind c.onfinding d.infinding2).iinsistthatadoctor_______immediately. a.hasbeensentfor b.sendsfor c.willbesentfor d.besentfor3).somepeopleinsistedthattheperson_____athiefandinsistedthathe_____tothepolicestation.a.was;betaken b.was,wouldbetaken c.shouldbe;shouldbetaken d.be;betakenkeys:1).c 2).d 3).a 4.determinev. 决定;确定;下定决心[典例]1).attitudedetermineseverything. 态度决定一切。2).wedeterminedtogototherailwaystationatonce. 我们决定立刻去火车站。3).iwonderwhatdeterminedhertomarryhimintheend.我想知道是什么使她最终下决心嫁给他的。共13页,当前第3页123456789101112134).thecourtdeterminedthatthemanwasguiltyofrobbery.法庭裁定那个人犯了抢劫罪。[重点用法]determineon/upon(doing)sth. determine+n.determinetodosth. determinesb.todosth.使某人下定决心做某事determine+that-clauseadj. bedeterminedtodosth.[练习]中译英1).你决定好暑假做什么了吗?__________________________________________________________________________________________2).她决心要上哈佛大学。__________________________________________________________________________________________keys:1).haveyoudeterminedwhattodointhesummerholidays? 2).shewasdeterminedtogotoharvarduniversity.ⅳ重点词组 (旨在提供综合运用所需材料)1.careabout关心,在乎[典例]1).theonlythinghecaresaboutismoney. 他唯一在乎的东西就是金钱。2).familymembersshouldalwayscareabouteachother. 一家人应该互相关心。[短语归纳]carefor喜欢(多用于否定、疑问句);照顾idon’tcareforcoffee. 我不喜欢喝咖啡。couldyouhelpcareformychildwheniamout?我外出时能帮忙照顾下我的孩子吗?[练习]中译英1).她关心的只是她的社交活动。__________________________________________________________________________________________2).他深深地爱着她。__________________________________________________________________________________________keys:1).allshecaresaboutishersociallife. 2).hecaresforherdeeply. 2. givein屈服,让步,投降;上交[典例]1).seeingthathecouldnotpersuademe,hehadtogivein(tomyview).由于无法说服我,他不得不认输。2).it’stimetogiveinyourexaminationpapers.到了交试卷的时间了。[短语归纳]givein(tosb./sth.)向…让步 giveupsth./doing 放弃(做)某事 giveaway 赠送;泄露 giveback归还;恢复 giveoff 放出,散发(光、热、烟、气味等) giveover交付 共13页,当前第4页12345678910111213giveoutvt.分配;分发;发布 vi.(食物,燃料,电力等)用光;筋疲力尽[练习] 用give构成的短语的适当形式填空。1).whenwillthefoodsuppliedofourenemy________.2).heintendedto________alargeamountofmoneytotheprojecthope.3).becauseofhislowsalary,hehadto_________hisdreamtriptoeurope.keys:1).giveout 2).giveaway 3).giveup 3.changeone’smind改变主意makeupone’smind(todo)下定决心(做某事)[典例]1).maybeyou’llchangeyourmindafterthinkingitover.也许你仔细考虑之后会改变主意。2).ihavemadeupmymindtoleave,andnothingyousaywillchangeit.我已经下定决心,不管你说什么我都不会改主意了。[短语归纳] 与mind有关的常用短语havea/nomindtodo 有/无意做loseone’smind失去理智readone’smind看出某人的心思speakone’smind直言不讳beofthesamemind 意见一致bein/oftwominds拿不定主意giveone’smindto注意…keepone’smindon专心于…takeone’smindoffsth.转移某人的注意力bear/keepsth.inmind记住某事bring/callsth.tomind回忆某事putsb.inmindofsth.使某人想起某事[练习]中译英1).我决心当医生。__________________________________________________________________________________________2).任何事情都不能使我改变主意。__________________________________________________________________________________________keys:1).i'vemadeupmymindtobeadoctor.2).nothingwillmakemechangemymind.v重点句子(旨在提供句子结构等所需材料)1.itwasmysisterwho/thatfirsthadtheideatocyclealongtheentiremekongriver.首先想到沿湄公河骑车旅游的是我姐姐。 [解释]强调句型 itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其余部分。被强调部分可以是原句的主语、宾语、状语、从句。强调主语:itistheabilitytodothejobthatmatters,notwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.关键是你的工作能力而不是你从哪来或你是谁。强调宾语:itwasmichaelthat/whoigavethisticketto. 我把这张票给了麦克。强调时间状语:itwasabout600yearsagothatthefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.大约6XX年前,第一个有钟面和时针的钟诞生了。强调地点状语:itwasinbrooklynthatbeckhamfirstmetvictoria,sotheynamedtheirfirstsonbrooklyn.布鲁克林是贝克汉姆和维多利亚第一次相遇的地方,所以他们给第一个儿子取名布鲁克林。强调从句:itwasbecauseheisincriticalconditionthatthedoctordecidedtooperateonhim.医生之所以决定为他动手术,是因为他病情危险。共13页,当前第5页12345678910111213[练习]中译英1).我把这张票给了麦克。__________________________________________________________________________________________2).医生之所以决定为他动手术,是因为他病情危险。__________________________________________________________________________________________keys:1).itwasmichaelthat/whoigavethisticketto.2).itwasbecauseheisincriticalconditionthatthedoctordecidedtooperateonhim.2.sheinsistedthatshe(should)organizethetripproperly.[解释]insist+that-clauseinsist意为“坚持要求(做某事)”时,宾语从句用虚拟语气,谓语用shoulddo的形式,should可省略;而insist意为“坚持认为,坚持某种观点”时,宾语从句的动词时态根据具体的语境变化,不用虚拟语气。heinsistedthathehadn’tmadeamistake. 他坚持认为自己没有犯错。thebodyguardsinsistedthatthepresident(should)keepawayfromthecrowdforthesakeofsafety. 出于安全考虑,护卫人员坚决要求总统远离人群。suggest(建议),demand(要求),require(要求),request(请求),order(命令)等动词的宾语从句也常用“(should)do”表示虚拟语气。[练习]中译英1).我坚决要求你立刻采取行动把事情处理好。__________________________________________________________________________________________2).他反应冷淡表明他并不喜欢这个主意。__________________________________________________________________________________________keys:1).iinsistonyourtaking/insistthatyoutakeimmediateactiontoputthisright.2).hiscoolresponsesuggestedthathedidn'tliketheidea.课文要点(模块)1课文词汇等填空(旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等)根据课文内容完成下面语法填空,注意单词拼写和词语用法:wangkunandhissisterwangweihadadream 1 takingabiketripalongthemekongriver.theybegantheirtripfrom 2 itbeginstowhereitends.wangweiwassostubbornthat 3 shewas 4 (决心)todosomething,nothingcould 5 hermind.sothoughwangkunhaddifferentideaaboutthetripbuthehadtogive 6 . themekongriverbeginsataglacieronatibetanmountain 7 analtitudeofmorethan5,000metres.itpasses 8 deepvalleys, 9 (travel) 10 westernyunnanprovinceandfinallyflowsintothesouthchinasea.答案:1.of/about 2.where 3.once 4.determined 5.change 6.in7.with 8.through 9.traveling 10.across共13页,当前第6页123456789101112132课文大意概括(旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力)阅读课文,试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。 王昆和他的姐姐沿着媚公河骑自行车游览。他们对媚公河的地理环境和沿途风景作了详尽的描写。 thepassageisabout_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案:thepassageisaboutwangkunandhissistercyclingalongthemekongriverandtheygaveadetaileddescriptionoftheriverincludingitsgeographicalsituationandthesceneryalongtheriver.3课文佳句背诵与仿写(旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力)1.【原句】itwasmysisterwhofirsthadtheideatocyclealongtheentiremekongriverfromwhereitbeginstowhereitends.首先想到要沿着湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。[模仿要点]句子结构:强调句itis/was+强调部分+that/who…【模仿1】正是树的绿荫保护我们免于太阳的照射,使我们精力更加充沛。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________答案:itisthegreenshadefromthetreesthatprotectusfromthesun,makingusfeelmoreenergetic.【模仿2】一直到奥运会在中国举行,世界才充分领略了中国文化的魅力。____________________________________________________________________________________________答案:itisnotuntilthe29tholympicgameswerehostedinchinathattheworldcompletelyexperiencethecharmofchineseculture. [模仿要点]句子结构:定语从句where的用法【模仿3】他在他出生和成长的地方投资了一家车厂,年产10万汽车____________________________________________________________________________________________答案:heinvestedacarfactorywherehewasbornandgrewup,whichproduced10,000carsperyear.【模仿4】在很难找到食物的地方就没有什么鸟能长年栖息.____________________________________________________________________________________答案:wherefoodishardtofind,fewbirdsremainthroughouttheyear.单元自测(模块)1完形填空阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从21—30各题所给的a、b、c和d项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。字数:217完成时间:15分钟难度:***whenit’s10:15innewyork,it’s9:15insaltlakecity,and7:15insanfrancisco–isn’tit?thisconsistentandorderlytimesystem,basedonagridoftime 21 ,seemssonaturalthatpeople 22 giveitamoment’sthought.soyoumayfinditsurprisingtolearnthatpriortothelate1800seachcommunity 23 itsowntime–bylookingatthesun.whenthesunshonedirectlyoverheadinwashington,d.c.,forexample,itwas12:00noonthere;uptheroadinphiladelphia, 24 ,itwas12:07,andinbostonitwas12:24.tomeasuretimewithabsoluteaccuracy,itisnecessarytomovetheclockaboutoneminuteforeverytwelvemilesofdistance;soaccordingto“suntime”yourpocketwatchwouldbeslightly 25 ifyouventuredonlyafewmilesdowntheroad.共13页,当前第7页12345678910111213itwasnotuntiltheadventofwidespreadrailroadtravelthataneed 26 for 27 time.atonepointover300localtimeswerehonoredwithinthe 28 ,makingitliterallyimpossiblefortrainstoarriveconsistentlyontime 29 .asaresult,in1883thecontinentalunitedstateswasdividedintofourtimelongitude.thestandardizationresultingfromthissystem 30 sohelpfulthatin1884theinternationalmeridianconferenceappliedthesameproceduretoestablishtimezonesaroundtheworld.21. a. areas b. districts c. zones d. divisions22. a. usually b. never c. only d. rarely23. a. made b. established c. arranged d. founded24. a. however b. therefore c. meanwhile d. bycontrast25. a. different b. wrong c. incorrect d. mistaken共13页,当前第8页1234567891011121326. a. arrived b. raised c. happened d. arose27. a. regularized b. organized c. corrected d. standardized28. a. state b. county c. world d. country29. a. everywhere b. anywhere c. nowhere d. somewhere30. a. wasproved b. hasbeenproved c. wasproving d. proved[答案]21.c.时区timezone,是固定词组。22.d.人们习以为常了,所以很少想到它,选rarely,经常想起、从不想起和只想起它都不合理。23.b.句意应为每个地区都确立自己的时间,只有establish可以表示建立制度。24.a.根据上下文可判断出此处为转折对比关系,而bycontrast表示相反的对比,所以选however。25.c.根据“太阳时”,只要离开几英里,表就会有一些不准,而不是不同、错误或误解。26.d.需要出现应该搭配的动词是arise。27.a.是需要调整时间,而不是使时间有组织、改变或标准化。28.d.根据上下文,是在美国境内有300多个地区时。29.a.根据文意,火车不可能在每个地方都准时,所以选everywhere,和impossible构成部分否定。30.d.该系统被证明很帮助,应该用prove的主动形式,时态用一般过去时。2语法填空共13页,当前第9页12345678910111213阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。字数:147完成时间:8分钟难度:** usuallymalebutterfliesaremorebrightlycoloredthanthefemale.thefemalehavebiggerandheavierbodies, 31 theycarrytheeggs.thebrightcolorsofthemalehelptoattractthefemale,andthedullercolorsofthefemalemakethem 32 likelytobecaughtbyenemiesbeforethey 33 (lay)theireggs. 34 butterflieshaveabrightpatterncolorsontheuppersurfaceoftheirwingswhichareshown 35 flying.butwhentheyrestonatreeor 36 (leaf)theyclosetheirwings.ontheundersidesoftheirwingstherearegreenandbrownmarks 37 looklikethetreeorleaves.theyarethendifficultto 38 (see). manybutterflieshaveroundmarksontheirwingsthatlooklikeeyes.whentheyareresting,theirwingsareclosed,andthesecannotbeseenwhenabirdsees 39 ,andbeginstoattackit, thebutterfly 40 openitswings.thebirdthinksthatitseestwoeyesstaringatit,andsoitisfrightened,andfliesaway.[答案]31.since 32.1ess 33.havelaid 34.some 35.when/while 36.leaves 37.which/that 38.beseen 39.one 40.would 31.since,“由于,既然”表原因。 32.1ess,从上下文可知此处是“雌飞蛾的较死板的颜色使她们在产完卵之前较少有可能被敌人抓住”。 33.havelaid,由before可知考查动词的现在完成时态。 34.some,不定代词,“一些”。 35.when/while,when/while+ving分词相当于由when引导的时间状语从句,“正在飞时”。 36.leaves,leaf的复数形式是leaves。 37.which/that,关系代词,引导限制性定语从句? 38.beseen,考查动词不定式的被动语态,意为“然后他们很难被看见”。 39.one,不定代词,指代任意一只butterfly。 40.would,表一种必然的动作或经常的动作。3阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。词数:334完成时间:7分钟难度:*** yiso-yeon,anengineerfromseoul,returnedtoearthonsaturdayafter11daysaboardtheinternationalspacestation(iss),alongwithrussiancosmonautyurimalenchenkoandusastronautpeggywhitson.共13页,当前第10页12345678910111213 atechnicalproblemturnedaroutine(常规)returntoearthintoasharperthanusualdescent(下降)thattestedthegroupmembers'staminaandcourage.theylandedinthekazakhsteppes(大草原) about420km (260miles)wideoftheirtarget. "duringthedescenttherewassomekindoffireoutsidethesoyuzcapsulebecauseweweregoingthroughtheatmosphere,"yisaid. "atfirstiwasafraid,butthetwootherguyslookedokay,soitriedtolookokaytoo." yismiledandjokedherwaythrougha10-minutenewsbriefingatstarcity,thewoodedsovieteracosmonauttrainingcentreontheedgeofmoscow.however,malenchenkoandwhitsonlookedtiredandthinafternearlysixmonthsinspace.theiranswerswereshortandwhitsonneededsupporttobalancewhenshewalked.the29-year-oldyihasbecomefamousinsouthkoreasincethetake-offbutshebrushedthisasideandsaidshehashadlittlecontactwithfriendsorfamilysincereturning. "infact,theyaretheheroesrightnow,"yisaid,referringtomalenchenkoandwhitson."i'mjustabeginnerandalittleashamedtosaythatiamahero." shedid,though,relateamorelight-heartedincidentontheiss. "isang'flymetothemoon"yisaidaboutthe1950spopsong."it'smyfavoritesongfromuniversityalthoughatthattimeididn'tknowiwouldbeanastronaut." thecapsule'sso-called"ballistic"re-enteringmadethegroupmembersfacetwicetheusualpullfromthecentreoftheearth. theflamesyidescribedmayhavebeencausedbyfriction(摩擦)heatingthecapsuleasitfellthroughtheatmosphere. whitsontoldreportersthatsaturday'sballisticlanding,wasirregularbutnotanemergency. "thesoyuzhasbeenthroughitshistoryveryreliableandtherehasobviouslybeensomeissueinthelastcoupleofdescentswhichwentballistic,buti'msuretheengineerswilldeterminewhattheproblemsareandgetthemfixed,"shesaid. inoctober,asoyuzcapsulecarryingmalaysia'sfirstspacetouristtoucheddownabout200km(125miles)offcourseinasimilarballisticlandingcausedbyatechnicalproblem. thesoyuzistheworld'slongest-servingmannedspacecapsule. anearlyversionofthecraft,thevostok,carriedthefirstpersonintospacein1961. whitson,48,hasbecometheamericanwiththelongestamountoftimeinspacewith377days.共13页,当前第11页12345678910111213